Understanding loan principles
• Credit – optional use of someone else’s money with your promise to repay at a later date.
• Alone with credit comes interest – that’s how the bank makes its money.
The cost of the loan is determined by
• The amount of the loan.
• The length of the loan.
• The interest rate.
General term loans
• APR – annual percentage rate.
• TILA – truth in lending act.
• Collateral – something of value that can be taken if the loan is not rapid.
• Co signer – an adult who will assume legal responsibility for the loan if you fail to repay.
4.29.2010
best ways to notetake
Tools for note taking
• 3 ring binder – you can loan out notes and not lose entire notebook
• Cornell method summary paper
• Erasable pen – dark pencil – highlighters
• A tape recorder
Effective note taking habits p. 142
• Preview before class
• Start each day with fresh paper
• Write on only 1 side
• Date and title each page
• Abbreviate
• Key words
• Use your own words
Why take notes – 4 reasons
• Improve your concentration
• Review & study
• Helps retain information
• Organizes the information
Strategies for reinforcing your learning p. 139
1. Hear it.
2. Write it.
3. See it.
4. Draw it.
5. Outline it.
6. Summarize it.
7. Discuss it.
8. Review it.
• 3 ring binder – you can loan out notes and not lose entire notebook
• Cornell method summary paper
• Erasable pen – dark pencil – highlighters
• A tape recorder
Effective note taking habits p. 142
• Preview before class
• Start each day with fresh paper
• Write on only 1 side
• Date and title each page
• Abbreviate
• Key words
• Use your own words
Why take notes – 4 reasons
• Improve your concentration
• Review & study
• Helps retain information
• Organizes the information
Strategies for reinforcing your learning p. 139
1. Hear it.
2. Write it.
3. See it.
4. Draw it.
5. Outline it.
6. Summarize it.
7. Discuss it.
8. Review it.
notetaking review
Test on Note taking
List 2 reasons why we take notes
1. To help us study.
2. To help us recall what we last learned in a previous class.
List 3 strategies for reinforcing your learning
3. Draw pictures.
4. Connect what you learn to what you know.
5. Re read notes or re write notes.
Name 3 note taking habits
6. Have a tape recorder.
7. Write in short hand.
8. Always write on one side of the page, not both
How is a 3 ring binder helpful?
9. If you have to lend out notes, you can pull them out of your binder instead of risking losing your whole notebook if you lend it out to a friend.
What’s the abbreviation for…?
10. You – u
11. As, is – s
12. Can – c
13. At, it, to, the – t
14. Very – v
15. Month – mo
16. Am, more – m
17. In, an – n
18. Year – yr
19. Was, were, with - w
List 2 reasons why we take notes
1. To help us study.
2. To help us recall what we last learned in a previous class.
List 3 strategies for reinforcing your learning
3. Draw pictures.
4. Connect what you learn to what you know.
5. Re read notes or re write notes.
Name 3 note taking habits
6. Have a tape recorder.
7. Write in short hand.
8. Always write on one side of the page, not both
How is a 3 ring binder helpful?
9. If you have to lend out notes, you can pull them out of your binder instead of risking losing your whole notebook if you lend it out to a friend.
What’s the abbreviation for…?
10. You – u
11. As, is – s
12. Can – c
13. At, it, to, the – t
14. Very – v
15. Month – mo
16. Am, more – m
17. In, an – n
18. Year – yr
19. Was, were, with - w
about taxes
Tax money is used to pay for…
• Roads.
• Schools.
• Disability.
• Bailouts.
Tax terms
• Withholding – money an employer deducts from a pay check to pay taxes,
• Exempt – do not have to pay taxes.
• Gross pay – earnings before taxes or any other deductions taken out.
• Net pay – take home pay-money left over after taxes are taken out.
• W4 – the form filled out when you are first hired claiming your exemptions.
• W2 – form that employers are required to give each employee by January 31st each year which tells you how much money was taking out of income for taxes, etc.
• 1040 Tax Return Form – Form filled out yearly to report taxes and may result in a refund or payment to IRS.
• Dependent – person who relies on another for at least ½ of his or her support.
- Support includes…
o Food.
o Shelter.
o Clothing.
o Dental care.
o Education.
• You can be a dependent if you…
- Are under 19 years old.
- Make less than a certain amount each year.
- Full time college (taking 12 credit hours) student between the ages of 19 & 24.
• Roads.
• Schools.
• Disability.
• Bailouts.
Tax terms
• Withholding – money an employer deducts from a pay check to pay taxes,
• Exempt – do not have to pay taxes.
• Gross pay – earnings before taxes or any other deductions taken out.
• Net pay – take home pay-money left over after taxes are taken out.
• W4 – the form filled out when you are first hired claiming your exemptions.
• W2 – form that employers are required to give each employee by January 31st each year which tells you how much money was taking out of income for taxes, etc.
• 1040 Tax Return Form – Form filled out yearly to report taxes and may result in a refund or payment to IRS.
• Dependent – person who relies on another for at least ½ of his or her support.
- Support includes…
o Food.
o Shelter.
o Clothing.
o Dental care.
o Education.
• You can be a dependent if you…
- Are under 19 years old.
- Make less than a certain amount each year.
- Full time college (taking 12 credit hours) student between the ages of 19 & 24.
abbreviation meanings
Super write abbreviations
U – you, your
L – will
S – as, is
R – are, our, or
C – can
F – for
T – at, it, to, the
H – has have
V – very
D – do
E – we
Ch – which
Sn – soon
M – am, more
B – be, by, bean
Mo – month
N – in, an
O – of
Yr – year
W – was, were, with
Ty – they
U – you, your
L – will
S – as, is
R – are, our, or
C – can
F – for
T – at, it, to, the
H – has have
V – very
D – do
E – we
Ch – which
Sn – soon
M – am, more
B – be, by, bean
Mo – month
N – in, an
O – of
Yr – year
W – was, were, with
Ty – they
when writing a college essay
Writing your college essay
• Essays allow the admissions office to see you as you really are beyond the stats of your application.
- Purpose of Essay:
1. College cans evaluate communication skills.
2. Allows Admissions office to learn more about you beyond SAT’s and grades.
- Choosing a Topic:
1. Narrow your topic – be specific.
2. Write about yourself. Don’t be shy, but don’t exaggerate.
3. Don’t be afraid to write about a unique topic.
4. Develop a framework & outline.
Dos and Don’ts of writing an essay
- Do’s:
1. Do think “small” and write something you know about.
2. Do reveal yourself in writing.
3. Do show rather than tell.
4. Do write in your own voice and style.
- Don’ts:
1. Don’t write what you think others want to read.
2. Don’t exaggerate or write to impress.
3. Don’t ignore grammar, spelling, or sentence structure. Have 2 English teachers proofread.
4. Don’t ramble. Be concise.
What do colleges look for?
• Level 1 – Grammar, spelling, punctuation.
• Level 2 – Content, substance, depth of insight.
• Level 3 – Creativity & originality.
• Essays allow the admissions office to see you as you really are beyond the stats of your application.
- Purpose of Essay:
1. College cans evaluate communication skills.
2. Allows Admissions office to learn more about you beyond SAT’s and grades.
- Choosing a Topic:
1. Narrow your topic – be specific.
2. Write about yourself. Don’t be shy, but don’t exaggerate.
3. Don’t be afraid to write about a unique topic.
4. Develop a framework & outline.
Dos and Don’ts of writing an essay
- Do’s:
1. Do think “small” and write something you know about.
2. Do reveal yourself in writing.
3. Do show rather than tell.
4. Do write in your own voice and style.
- Don’ts:
1. Don’t write what you think others want to read.
2. Don’t exaggerate or write to impress.
3. Don’t ignore grammar, spelling, or sentence structure. Have 2 English teachers proofread.
4. Don’t ramble. Be concise.
What do colleges look for?
• Level 1 – Grammar, spelling, punctuation.
• Level 2 – Content, substance, depth of insight.
• Level 3 – Creativity & originality.
pit method of memory & learning
One – bun
Two – shoes
Three – tree
Four – door
Five – hive
Six – sticks
Seven – heaven
Eight – gate
Nine – wine
Ten – hen
Bill of rights
One – bun - freedom of speech – “talking bun!”
Two – shoe - right to bear arms – “shoot your shoes!”
Three – tree - conditions for soldiers – “soldiers under tree”
Four – door - right to search & seizure – “go through door to search”
Five – hive – prosecution – “prosecuting one by throwing a hive at them”
Six – sticks - speedy trial – “can’t be speedy if your sticky”
Seven – heaven - right to trial by jury – “jury is heaven”
Eight – gate - excessive bail and cruel punishment – “get out of jail go through the gate then hit them with the gate”
Nine – wine - rule of construction of constitution – “can’t make a house if you’re tipsy” ;)
Ten – hen - rights of states under constitution – “hen gives the states’ rights from the constitution”
Two – shoes
Three – tree
Four – door
Five – hive
Six – sticks
Seven – heaven
Eight – gate
Nine – wine
Ten – hen
Bill of rights
One – bun - freedom of speech – “talking bun!”
Two – shoe - right to bear arms – “shoot your shoes!”
Three – tree - conditions for soldiers – “soldiers under tree”
Four – door - right to search & seizure – “go through door to search”
Five – hive – prosecution – “prosecuting one by throwing a hive at them”
Six – sticks - speedy trial – “can’t be speedy if your sticky”
Seven – heaven - right to trial by jury – “jury is heaven”
Eight – gate - excessive bail and cruel punishment – “get out of jail go through the gate then hit them with the gate”
Nine – wine - rule of construction of constitution – “can’t make a house if you’re tipsy” ;)
Ten – hen - rights of states under constitution – “hen gives the states’ rights from the constitution”
crediting
Credit terms
APR (Annual Percentage Rate) – The interest rate for one year
Credit limit – the maximum amount of credit extended to you by a bank or credit card issuer.
Late fee - a penalty, in addition to interest that is charged if payment is received after the due date.
Minimum payment – the lowest amount you must pay toward your credit card balance each month.
Interest – the price of using credit.
Annual fee – the yearly charge for having a credit card.
Grace period – a period of time during which you are not charged interest on new purchases.
Interest rate – the amount of interest you must pay for the credit you use – usually expressed in a percentage.
Advantages of using credit cards:
• Establish credit history.
• Safer than cash.
• Use for internet purchases.
• Use for reservations.
• Use as an interest free loan if paid before the grace period ends
Disadvantages of using credit cards:
• Get into much dept quickly – takes a long time to pay back.
• Interest rates are extremely high.
You can get a credit card when you are 18 years old. If younger, you can still have one as long as you have a co-signer.
The grace period is important to be aware of because you can make purchases interest free during that time. That’s like getting something you want know and not paying interest as long as you pay off the balance before the grace period is over. Most grace periods are 28 days.
Some people have to pay higher interest on loans than others because they have bad credit history and are a risk to the lender.
The Fair Credit Reporting Act governs all creditors must furnish accurate and complete information regarding a person’s credit history.
Creditors have to disclose (“tell all”) all terms of credit agreement because of the Truth in Lending Act.
Pay day loans (Ex: Check into cash) is a bad option for credit because they charge very high interest (500% in some cases) and usually hold your car titles as collateral. Lots of people choose these types of loans because there isn’t a background credit history check.
Behaviors that can affect your credit rating where banks may consider you a risk prohibiting you from getting credit:
• Moving around and switching jobs.
• Having lots of credit cards.
• Pay your bills late (even just 1 or 2 payments)
APR (Annual Percentage Rate) – The interest rate for one year
Credit limit – the maximum amount of credit extended to you by a bank or credit card issuer.
Late fee - a penalty, in addition to interest that is charged if payment is received after the due date.
Minimum payment – the lowest amount you must pay toward your credit card balance each month.
Interest – the price of using credit.
Annual fee – the yearly charge for having a credit card.
Grace period – a period of time during which you are not charged interest on new purchases.
Interest rate – the amount of interest you must pay for the credit you use – usually expressed in a percentage.
Advantages of using credit cards:
• Establish credit history.
• Safer than cash.
• Use for internet purchases.
• Use for reservations.
• Use as an interest free loan if paid before the grace period ends
Disadvantages of using credit cards:
• Get into much dept quickly – takes a long time to pay back.
• Interest rates are extremely high.
You can get a credit card when you are 18 years old. If younger, you can still have one as long as you have a co-signer.
The grace period is important to be aware of because you can make purchases interest free during that time. That’s like getting something you want know and not paying interest as long as you pay off the balance before the grace period is over. Most grace periods are 28 days.
Some people have to pay higher interest on loans than others because they have bad credit history and are a risk to the lender.
The Fair Credit Reporting Act governs all creditors must furnish accurate and complete information regarding a person’s credit history.
Creditors have to disclose (“tell all”) all terms of credit agreement because of the Truth in Lending Act.
Pay day loans (Ex: Check into cash) is a bad option for credit because they charge very high interest (500% in some cases) and usually hold your car titles as collateral. Lots of people choose these types of loans because there isn’t a background credit history check.
Behaviors that can affect your credit rating where banks may consider you a risk prohibiting you from getting credit:
• Moving around and switching jobs.
• Having lots of credit cards.
• Pay your bills late (even just 1 or 2 payments)
business careers
• Business Intelligence Analysts
o Produce financial and market intelligence by querying date & repositories and generating periodic reports.
o Provide technical support for existing reports, dashboards, or other tools.
o Identify or monitor current and potential customers using business intelligence tools.
o Communicate with customers, competitors, suppliers, professional organizations, or others to stay abreast of industry or business trends.
o High school education
o $50,000 and up
o National - $76,000
o State - $92,020.57
• Information technology project managers
o Plan, initiate, and manage information technology (IT) projects. Lead and guide the work of technical staff.
o Perform risk assessments to develop response strategies.
o Confer with project personnel to identify and resolve problems.
o Establish and execute a project communication plan.
o High school education
o $50,000 and up.
o National - $76,000
o State - $92,020.57
• Web developers
o Develop and design web applications and website. Create and specify architectural and technical parameters.
o Design, build, or maintain websites, using authoring or scripting language, content creation tools, management tools, and digital media.
o Perform or direct web site updates.
o Write, design, or edit web page content, or direct others producing content.
o Bachelor’s degree.
o $50,000 and up.
o National - $76,000
o State - $92,020.57
• Graphic designers
o Design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs such as packaging, displays, or logos.
o Create designs, concepts, and sample layouts based on knowledge of layout principles and esthetic design concepts.
o Use computer software to generate new images.
o Review final layouts and suggest improvements as needed.
o Bachelor’s degree.
o $36,000 through $49,999
o National - $46,750
o State - $50,106.87
• Web administrators
o Manage web environment design, deployment, development and maintenance activities.
o Back up or modify applications and related date to provide for disaster recovery.
o Determine sources of web page or server problems and take action to correct such problems.
o Monitor systems for intrusions or denial of service attacks, and report security breaches to appropriate personnel.
o Bachelor’s degree.
o $50,000 and up.
o National - $76,000
o State - $92,020.57
o Produce financial and market intelligence by querying date & repositories and generating periodic reports.
o Provide technical support for existing reports, dashboards, or other tools.
o Identify or monitor current and potential customers using business intelligence tools.
o Communicate with customers, competitors, suppliers, professional organizations, or others to stay abreast of industry or business trends.
o High school education
o $50,000 and up
o National - $76,000
o State - $92,020.57
• Information technology project managers
o Plan, initiate, and manage information technology (IT) projects. Lead and guide the work of technical staff.
o Perform risk assessments to develop response strategies.
o Confer with project personnel to identify and resolve problems.
o Establish and execute a project communication plan.
o High school education
o $50,000 and up.
o National - $76,000
o State - $92,020.57
• Web developers
o Develop and design web applications and website. Create and specify architectural and technical parameters.
o Design, build, or maintain websites, using authoring or scripting language, content creation tools, management tools, and digital media.
o Perform or direct web site updates.
o Write, design, or edit web page content, or direct others producing content.
o Bachelor’s degree.
o $50,000 and up.
o National - $76,000
o State - $92,020.57
• Graphic designers
o Design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs such as packaging, displays, or logos.
o Create designs, concepts, and sample layouts based on knowledge of layout principles and esthetic design concepts.
o Use computer software to generate new images.
o Review final layouts and suggest improvements as needed.
o Bachelor’s degree.
o $36,000 through $49,999
o National - $46,750
o State - $50,106.87
• Web administrators
o Manage web environment design, deployment, development and maintenance activities.
o Back up or modify applications and related date to provide for disaster recovery.
o Determine sources of web page or server problems and take action to correct such problems.
o Monitor systems for intrusions or denial of service attacks, and report security breaches to appropriate personnel.
o Bachelor’s degree.
o $50,000 and up.
o National - $76,000
o State - $92,020.57
how to master time
Prepare the evening before.
• Clothes.
Get up 15 minutes earlier.
Don’t rely on memory.
• Write appointments and due dates in planners or posted notes!
Schedule a realistic day.
Leave room in your day for the unexpected.
Do one thing at a time.
Allow yourself to let things slide occasionally.
• Not too often.
Learn to say no!
• You don’t have to go to every social event.
Get enough sleep.
• You’ll perform better.
Learn to relax. (:
3 types of calendar systems
Academic.
• August – August.
Monthly and weekly planner.
Palm pilot.
Ways to find time
Plan your day!
Do more in less time.
• Schedule your errands at one time by location.
• Review notes during lunch on commute.
Reduce wasted time.
• Less T.V.
• Less phone calls.
Goals
Long term
• 5 years or more.
Short term
• Less than 5 years.
Long term goals
• Go to college and finish college.
• Get a house.
• Get a good paying job!
Short term goals
• Get a car.
• Finish high school.
• Make $$$
• Clothes.
Get up 15 minutes earlier.
Don’t rely on memory.
• Write appointments and due dates in planners or posted notes!
Schedule a realistic day.
Leave room in your day for the unexpected.
Do one thing at a time.
Allow yourself to let things slide occasionally.
• Not too often.
Learn to say no!
• You don’t have to go to every social event.
Get enough sleep.
• You’ll perform better.
Learn to relax. (:
3 types of calendar systems
Academic.
• August – August.
Monthly and weekly planner.
Palm pilot.
Ways to find time
Plan your day!
Do more in less time.
• Schedule your errands at one time by location.
• Review notes during lunch on commute.
Reduce wasted time.
• Less T.V.
• Less phone calls.
Goals
Long term
• 5 years or more.
Short term
• Less than 5 years.
Long term goals
• Go to college and finish college.
• Get a house.
• Get a good paying job!
Short term goals
• Get a car.
• Finish high school.
• Make $$$
using abbreviations
U – you, your // right
W – will // L
A – as, is // S
R – are, our, hour // right
T – they // TY
U r v happy this yr
(you are very happy this year)
T titanic sunk during t yr o 1912
(the titanic sunk during the year of 1912)
Ty climbed t v tall mtn last mo
(they climbed the very tall mountain last month)
I luv u nd u luv me e r a happy family
(I love you and you love me we are a happy family)
Yes, e c.
(yes, we can)
Note taking practice
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Daniel Goldman auth of 2 pop book on emo intelligence relationship between IQ n success
He sys wide spread succession tht iq predicts success
@ best iq bout 20 % to factor
Ch leaves 80 2 other 4ces
Focus ov Goldman resources – emotional comp
Emo comp made up ov 2 deminsions
Pers confidence – c how e mange ourself, keep disrupt emotions in check, hones and integ.
Soc confidence - determine how e handle relation, perspectives, listen and open and sending msgs
Neogotiate n envolving disagreements represents this category
Although IQ stable thru out life, emotional comp increase thru life span
W – will // L
A – as, is // S
R – are, our, hour // right
T – they // TY
U r v happy this yr
(you are very happy this year)
T titanic sunk during t yr o 1912
(the titanic sunk during the year of 1912)
Ty climbed t v tall mtn last mo
(they climbed the very tall mountain last month)
I luv u nd u luv me e r a happy family
(I love you and you love me we are a happy family)
Yes, e c.
(yes, we can)
Note taking practice
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Daniel Goldman auth of 2 pop book on emo intelligence relationship between IQ n success
He sys wide spread succession tht iq predicts success
@ best iq bout 20 % to factor
Ch leaves 80 2 other 4ces
Focus ov Goldman resources – emotional comp
Emo comp made up ov 2 deminsions
Pers confidence – c how e mange ourself, keep disrupt emotions in check, hones and integ.
Soc confidence - determine how e handle relation, perspectives, listen and open and sending msgs
Neogotiate n envolving disagreements represents this category
Although IQ stable thru out life, emotional comp increase thru life span
study guide for learning
• Know the definitions of:
o Physiology – how your body feels.
o Arm swing rule – swiping your arm in a semi circle.
o Effective learning environment.
o Ineffective learning environment.
• Know three things present in an effective learning environment.
o Two sources of light.
o Comfortable temperature.
o Manage clutter,
• Know three things present in an ineffective learning environment.
o TV.
o Radio.
o Window.
• Mind wandering is the enemy of concentration. >:}
• How do negative thoughts affect your concentration?
o You can’t concentrate if you have thoughts (negative) going through your head.
• Proteins keep your mind alert.
o Cheese.
o Meat.
• Carbs make you sleepy, after the initial sugar high.
o Pasta.
o Breads.
• Study session curve.
o 1 minute (beginning)
o 8 minutes is your peak. Take a break (2-3 minutes)
o 16 minutes is the end.
• To assess effectiveness of your study area, consider the:
o Furniture.
o Proximity to windows.
o Color schemes.
• Internal distracters.
o Worries.
o Stress.
o Hunger.
o Sickness.
• Concentration
o The ability to block out distraction and focus on one task.
• Physical environment
o Has a major impact on concentration even more than attitude and motivation about subject.
• Not all students perform well in a silent environment.
• Studies shown classical music helps concentration.
• Internal distracters such as worry affects concentration.
o Physiology – how your body feels.
o Arm swing rule – swiping your arm in a semi circle.
o Effective learning environment.
o Ineffective learning environment.
• Know three things present in an effective learning environment.
o Two sources of light.
o Comfortable temperature.
o Manage clutter,
• Know three things present in an ineffective learning environment.
o TV.
o Radio.
o Window.
• Mind wandering is the enemy of concentration. >:}
• How do negative thoughts affect your concentration?
o You can’t concentrate if you have thoughts (negative) going through your head.
• Proteins keep your mind alert.
o Cheese.
o Meat.
• Carbs make you sleepy, after the initial sugar high.
o Pasta.
o Breads.
• Study session curve.
o 1 minute (beginning)
o 8 minutes is your peak. Take a break (2-3 minutes)
o 16 minutes is the end.
• To assess effectiveness of your study area, consider the:
o Furniture.
o Proximity to windows.
o Color schemes.
• Internal distracters.
o Worries.
o Stress.
o Hunger.
o Sickness.
• Concentration
o The ability to block out distraction and focus on one task.
• Physical environment
o Has a major impact on concentration even more than attitude and motivation about subject.
• Not all students perform well in a silent environment.
• Studies shown classical music helps concentration.
• Internal distracters such as worry affects concentration.
past learning
Learning how to drive a straight drive (manual) was probably one of my biggest learning experiences. Driving taught me a lot. Of course, it taught me how to drive but it also taught me a really important lesson about life. It showed me how to step back and take life in a different aspect when I needed to do so. I also learned I couldn’t also be too sure of myself but I that I needed to pay attention to me and where I was going. It showed me not to get distracted by small things. It also taught me to pay attention to me and my surroundings and how I would affect other people by what I do. Not just physically, but emotionally and mentally. It especially taught me how to pay attention to the little details and not the big picture that they all made up. The most important thing is that it taught me to be me.
When I first started driving and when I had about 6 months of driving in showed me a certain aspect that I had been through my whole life. It showed me the building blocks of life. When I first started driving it reminded me of a baby. I was being too careful and shaky. Then has the weeks and months went by I started growing more aware of my surroundings and just what I was doing. I wasn’t always trying to be too cocky about driving because honestly, I was scared to death, but learning how to drive showed me a lot about life and it helped me grow up and mature a lot faster. I wasn’t responsible for just me anymore when I was driving, but for whom I was taking with me and the other people driving, too. It was another building block of life with a lesson wrapped inside.
When I first started driving and when I had about 6 months of driving in showed me a certain aspect that I had been through my whole life. It showed me the building blocks of life. When I first started driving it reminded me of a baby. I was being too careful and shaky. Then has the weeks and months went by I started growing more aware of my surroundings and just what I was doing. I wasn’t always trying to be too cocky about driving because honestly, I was scared to death, but learning how to drive showed me a lot about life and it helped me grow up and mature a lot faster. I wasn’t responsible for just me anymore when I was driving, but for whom I was taking with me and the other people driving, too. It was another building block of life with a lesson wrapped inside.
improve concentration
• Choose a workplace.
• Manager clutter.
o Arm swing rule.
• Good lighting.
• Diet.
o Carbs – sleepy/hyper.
o Protein – engages brain – keep alert.
• Avoid eating while studying.
• Room temperature
o Not too hot or too cold.
• Listen to your thoughts.
o Keep positive.
• Listen to classical music.
o Don’t listen to music with words.
• Turn off the TV.
• Hold your phone calls.
• Let the e-mail wait until you’re done.
• Move to a quieter place
o The library if possible.
• Dump your “to do list”
o Write it down and forget about it until later.
• Take frequent breaks.
• Set a time goal.
o Make a time schedule for studying.
• 1 minute – 8 minutes is your peak – 16 minutes.
o Don’t forget to take a 2-3 minute break!
• Manager clutter.
o Arm swing rule.
• Good lighting.
• Diet.
o Carbs – sleepy/hyper.
o Protein – engages brain – keep alert.
• Avoid eating while studying.
• Room temperature
o Not too hot or too cold.
• Listen to your thoughts.
o Keep positive.
• Listen to classical music.
o Don’t listen to music with words.
• Turn off the TV.
• Hold your phone calls.
• Let the e-mail wait until you’re done.
• Move to a quieter place
o The library if possible.
• Dump your “to do list”
o Write it down and forget about it until later.
• Take frequent breaks.
• Set a time goal.
o Make a time schedule for studying.
• 1 minute – 8 minutes is your peak – 16 minutes.
o Don’t forget to take a 2-3 minute break!
vocab for learners
Independent learners – by yourself.
Random learners – different styles of learning.
Social learners – learn best in groups.
Auditory learners – hearing.
Tactile learners – touch, feel.
Sequential learners – pattern, rigid, routine style of learning.
Visual learners – seeing to learn.
Osmosis – learn without effort.
Ineffective learning environment.
Arm swing rule.
Mind wandering – enemy of concentration.
Physiology – how your body feels.
Effect learning environment.
Random learners – different styles of learning.
Social learners – learn best in groups.
Auditory learners – hearing.
Tactile learners – touch, feel.
Sequential learners – pattern, rigid, routine style of learning.
Visual learners – seeing to learn.
Osmosis – learn without effort.
Ineffective learning environment.
Arm swing rule.
Mind wandering – enemy of concentration.
Physiology – how your body feels.
Effect learning environment.
do memories help?
Do memories help hinder or help people in their effort to learn from the past and succeed in the present?
I certainly think memories help you with your effort to learn. It’s like the saying “learn from your mistakes.” Dwelling in the past will never get you anywhere in life but learning from your memories will certainly give you that edge. You know what you’ve learned and you grow by learning it. Remembering what is wrong and right also helps you because you know what to do and not to do to make it perfect.
One time in my life that my memories have helped me was in school. I would almost always make smart remarks back to the teacher and not do what I was told, I blew off my work. As I started getting bad grades in showed me what I was doing was wrong and if I wanted to get anywhere in life I would have to start learning from what I did in the past to help me go forth through the future.
I started doing my homework, listening to the teacher, and researching what I was learning. I wasn’t only fascinated in my grades but in which information I gathered from actually paying attention and doing my homework. One teacher I had in my freshman English class told me I had changed so much (she was also my English teacher for my sophomore year, too). She said I was a better learner and that I put more forth in class towards what we were learning. I also saw that my attitude changed to and I became an overall better and intelligent person just from learning from my memories.
I didn’t just feel better about myself and what I was doing, but I saw things from a different perspective and I liked it. This helped me do much better in school and in life. I realized that slacking was making me a sour person. I now want to do homework and I love learning about different things. My memories helped me get far in my life and in my learning styles and capabilities. Realizing what I was doing wrong and right made me get my act together and actually get on board with what I actually needed to do to become that better person.
I certainly think memories help you with your effort to learn. It’s like the saying “learn from your mistakes.” Dwelling in the past will never get you anywhere in life but learning from your memories will certainly give you that edge. You know what you’ve learned and you grow by learning it. Remembering what is wrong and right also helps you because you know what to do and not to do to make it perfect.
One time in my life that my memories have helped me was in school. I would almost always make smart remarks back to the teacher and not do what I was told, I blew off my work. As I started getting bad grades in showed me what I was doing was wrong and if I wanted to get anywhere in life I would have to start learning from what I did in the past to help me go forth through the future.
I started doing my homework, listening to the teacher, and researching what I was learning. I wasn’t only fascinated in my grades but in which information I gathered from actually paying attention and doing my homework. One teacher I had in my freshman English class told me I had changed so much (she was also my English teacher for my sophomore year, too). She said I was a better learner and that I put more forth in class towards what we were learning. I also saw that my attitude changed to and I became an overall better and intelligent person just from learning from my memories.
I didn’t just feel better about myself and what I was doing, but I saw things from a different perspective and I liked it. This helped me do much better in school and in life. I realized that slacking was making me a sour person. I now want to do homework and I love learning about different things. My memories helped me get far in my life and in my learning styles and capabilities. Realizing what I was doing wrong and right made me get my act together and actually get on board with what I actually needed to do to become that better person.
levels of memory
Four levels of memory
• Level one
o Short term: 5-8 seconds.
• Level two
o Cramming
• Level three
o Effective recall
• Level four
o Long term memory
• 2 or 3 minute break every fifteen minutes of studying.
• Objective
o Multiple choice
o True or false.
o Matching
o Fill in the blank
• Memory level
o Cramming
o Effective recall
• Subjective
o Short answer
o Essay
• Memory level
o Effective recall
o Long term
• Performance
o Hands on
o Project
o Lab
• Memory level
o Long term
• Level one
o Short term: 5-8 seconds.
• Level two
o Cramming
• Level three
o Effective recall
• Level four
o Long term memory
• 2 or 3 minute break every fifteen minutes of studying.
• Objective
o Multiple choice
o True or false.
o Matching
o Fill in the blank
• Memory level
o Cramming
o Effective recall
• Subjective
o Short answer
o Essay
• Memory level
o Effective recall
o Long term
• Performance
o Hands on
o Project
o Lab
• Memory level
o Long term
financial aid
4 types of financial aid
• Grants.
• Loans.
• Work study.
• Scholarships.
Free – never pay back.
• Scholarships.
• Grants.
Pell – Very good for low income.
• Work study.
Payback
Loans
• Subsidized – government pays interest unlike school
• Un subsidized – you pay interest during school.
You pay back starting six months after graduation (approximately 10 years)
Military
GI bill – Military pays with B or above average.
ROTC – supplements; help pay.
FAFSA – free application federal students.
• Fill out every year after January 1st.
• Know tax info for yourself and parents.
• EFC – estimated family contributions.
TAG – private schools (TUITION ASSISTANCE GRANT)
2,500 a year.
Why is work study better than off campus jobs?
Taxes work – study taxes are less than a regular job.
Hours are limited.
• Grants.
• Loans.
• Work study.
• Scholarships.
Free – never pay back.
• Scholarships.
• Grants.
Pell – Very good for low income.
• Work study.
Payback
Loans
• Subsidized – government pays interest unlike school
• Un subsidized – you pay interest during school.
You pay back starting six months after graduation (approximately 10 years)
Military
GI bill – Military pays with B or above average.
ROTC – supplements; help pay.
FAFSA – free application federal students.
• Fill out every year after January 1st.
• Know tax info for yourself and parents.
• EFC – estimated family contributions.
TAG – private schools (TUITION ASSISTANCE GRANT)
2,500 a year.
Why is work study better than off campus jobs?
Taxes work – study taxes are less than a regular job.
Hours are limited.
memory methods
Associations
• Associating a phrase or word with a picture
• Example – the external ear the pinna, is the part of the ear which funnels the sound towards the inner ear. Pinna could remind you of a pin. Imagine someone wearing a safety pin as an earring. By creating this type of association between a pin and your ear. You increase your chances of remembering parts of the external part of the ear.
Image word technique for foreign language
• If you see or hear a word which does not create an image in your mind, invent a visual substitute for the word.
Acronyms/Acrostics
• Making a word or sentence from the first letters of the items to be learned.
Story telling
• Storytelling consists of creating a small story involving all the elements to be memorized.
Loci
• Ancient technique which was used by Greeks to deliver lengthy speeches by associating items to be memorized in a sequence with another sequential list.
• Associating a phrase or word with a picture
• Example – the external ear the pinna, is the part of the ear which funnels the sound towards the inner ear. Pinna could remind you of a pin. Imagine someone wearing a safety pin as an earring. By creating this type of association between a pin and your ear. You increase your chances of remembering parts of the external part of the ear.
Image word technique for foreign language
• If you see or hear a word which does not create an image in your mind, invent a visual substitute for the word.
Acronyms/Acrostics
• Making a word or sentence from the first letters of the items to be learned.
Story telling
• Storytelling consists of creating a small story involving all the elements to be memorized.
Loci
• Ancient technique which was used by Greeks to deliver lengthy speeches by associating items to be memorized in a sequence with another sequential list.
sequential & random traits
Sequential or Random Traits – Kristin Rogers.
Sequential
• Organized.
• Wants routine.
• Prefers math.
• Prefers reading & lecture in the classroom.
• Independent learner.
• Good at making decisions.
• Time manager.
Random
• Spontaneous.
• Disorganized.
• Vivid imagination.
• Artsy.
• Impulsive.
• Prefer open discussion or group work.
• Wants the big picture first.
Sequential
• Organized.
• Wants routine.
• Prefers math.
• Prefers reading & lecture in the classroom.
• Independent learner.
• Good at making decisions.
• Time manager.
Random
• Spontaneous.
• Disorganized.
• Vivid imagination.
• Artsy.
• Impulsive.
• Prefer open discussion or group work.
• Wants the big picture first.
sequential & random teacher
Sequential (Mrs. G)
- Likes details.
- Shows more interest in data than people.
- A decision maker.
- Sometimes clueless about students emotions.
- Organized lesson plans.
- Firm disciplinarian.
- Grades are either right or wrong. No partial credit.
Random (Mrs. S)
- Enjoys people.
- Prefers discussion.
- Non-judgmental.
- Spontaneous in lesson plans.
- Messy desk and room.
- Make decisions based on feelings.
- Imaginative.
- Likes details.
- Shows more interest in data than people.
- A decision maker.
- Sometimes clueless about students emotions.
- Organized lesson plans.
- Firm disciplinarian.
- Grades are either right or wrong. No partial credit.
Random (Mrs. S)
- Enjoys people.
- Prefers discussion.
- Non-judgmental.
- Spontaneous in lesson plans.
- Messy desk and room.
- Make decisions based on feelings.
- Imaginative.
left brain & right brain
Left Brain
• Logical.
• Sequential.
• Verbal.
• Good time managers.
• Remembers names.
• Perfectionists.
Does well:
• Reading.
• Speaking.
• Writing.
• Finding Facts.
Test well:
• Objective test.
• True /false matching.
Right Brain
• Intuitive.
• Random.
• Holistic (sees the big picture).
• Emotional.
• Humorous.
• Weak, short term memory.
• Risk taker.
• Dreamers.
• Creative.
• Procrastinators.
• Inventors.
Prefers:
• Subjective tests.
• Short answer essays.
• Logical.
• Sequential.
• Verbal.
• Good time managers.
• Remembers names.
• Perfectionists.
Does well:
• Reading.
• Speaking.
• Writing.
• Finding Facts.
Test well:
• Objective test.
• True /false matching.
Right Brain
• Intuitive.
• Random.
• Holistic (sees the big picture).
• Emotional.
• Humorous.
• Weak, short term memory.
• Risk taker.
• Dreamers.
• Creative.
• Procrastinators.
• Inventors.
Prefers:
• Subjective tests.
• Short answer essays.
4.28.2010
critical read article (#2)
(sorry i don't have the article URL)
I think the purpose of this article was to describe the different learning styles for the new millennia. The main purpose of this article was to show how technology can help learning. We can now decide from our fingertips (ie: the world wide web) through different information in which we choose what is true and false, instead of being handed one paper with that being told this is the only information on this subject.
This article was written for basically younger people in their teenage years or in the early twenties that are getting to this advancement in life where technology is ‘taking’ over. I think that our life is now the desktop or internet.
The different ways I think the text of this article employs is that it took doesn’t take the whole world into example because most countries don’t even have a phone. It does however example us just in the United States and how our technology has furthered us in advancement and learning.
This article doesn’t have a lot of evidence of studies or arguments, just stating that our age ‘is’ moving into neomillennial learning styles and ways of life. It comes from a literary point of view, I think. The author of this is basically saying we are now an avatar in life and the world wide web, computers, phones, are now our life and are going to play a big role in our future. In which I agree because most things now are done through technology.
This article could be better if there was more evidence in it and more studies to prove that we are moving into a more technological era. It would’ve been better if he included other countries in which technology really doesn’t even exsist and just said overall ‘we’ which included in my mind everybody, but in the authors mind basically just the U.S. It would’ve been a stronger ariticle with out so many big words (I say) and more evidence to prove its point overall.
I think the purpose of this article was to describe the different learning styles for the new millennia. The main purpose of this article was to show how technology can help learning. We can now decide from our fingertips (ie: the world wide web) through different information in which we choose what is true and false, instead of being handed one paper with that being told this is the only information on this subject.
This article was written for basically younger people in their teenage years or in the early twenties that are getting to this advancement in life where technology is ‘taking’ over. I think that our life is now the desktop or internet.
The different ways I think the text of this article employs is that it took doesn’t take the whole world into example because most countries don’t even have a phone. It does however example us just in the United States and how our technology has furthered us in advancement and learning.
This article doesn’t have a lot of evidence of studies or arguments, just stating that our age ‘is’ moving into neomillennial learning styles and ways of life. It comes from a literary point of view, I think. The author of this is basically saying we are now an avatar in life and the world wide web, computers, phones, are now our life and are going to play a big role in our future. In which I agree because most things now are done through technology.
This article could be better if there was more evidence in it and more studies to prove that we are moving into a more technological era. It would’ve been better if he included other countries in which technology really doesn’t even exsist and just said overall ‘we’ which included in my mind everybody, but in the authors mind basically just the U.S. It would’ve been a stronger ariticle with out so many big words (I say) and more evidence to prove its point overall.
emotional involvement triggers learning
I have a teacher, Mr. S, who creates an emotion while we’re learning. Every time he says something it’s funny, or it has some sort of impact on us when he talks. He is very emotionally involved in whatever he says, and he gets his point clearly across.
The reason that emotional involvement increases learning is because when we hare in an excited state it increases the brains chemicals for learning there for increasing memory potential and remembrance.
Mr. S’s way of teaching provides a high amount of emotion. Whether it is funny or serious; he has an emotion towards it. Humor increases the level of brain activity, and this shows emotional involvement does increase learning. Though if a teacher is upset, this still creates an emotion, thus being emotionally involved and it might be negative, it still triggers the brain and learning, increasing memory potential.
• Emotional involvement does increase learning because your brain is in this excited state that triggers an increasing of memory potential.
• No matter which emotion, it still creates an emotional environment and triggers emotional involvement. Too much emotion though will start to distract and the major focus of learning is cut off and learning does decrease.
The reason that emotional involvement increases learning is because when we hare in an excited state it increases the brains chemicals for learning there for increasing memory potential and remembrance.
Mr. S’s way of teaching provides a high amount of emotion. Whether it is funny or serious; he has an emotion towards it. Humor increases the level of brain activity, and this shows emotional involvement does increase learning. Though if a teacher is upset, this still creates an emotion, thus being emotionally involved and it might be negative, it still triggers the brain and learning, increasing memory potential.
• Emotional involvement does increase learning because your brain is in this excited state that triggers an increasing of memory potential.
• No matter which emotion, it still creates an emotional environment and triggers emotional involvement. Too much emotion though will start to distract and the major focus of learning is cut off and learning does decrease.
critical read article
critically read: http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/studies/report-43536.html
The article was written to show evidence and relevance to IQ and genes. The article also shows that IQ is due to differences in genetics. The article was written for other researchers or psychologists. It also shows it’s arguing with other researchers and authors to prove that either genetics is, or isn’t closely related to IQ. The broken down material shows arguing how genes and IQ play a role together. It shows even at a young age IQ is very definite and shows it plays a part in intelligence.
The evidence show in the article is looking back at research and testing. It shows testing from 90 years ago during WWI to 2001 testing. It showed that white-black intelligence differentiates and is consistent. It also shows East Asians test higher than whites (106 to 100). Blacks are at a third with a low of 85 testing (in the U.S.) and 70 in sub-Saharan Africa.
Gene environment is the same in all races. East Asian, white, and black twins tested 50% higher in all races. They also show by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) testing that East Asians have 1 cubic inch more cranial capacity than whites. And whites average 5 more cubic inches than blacks. The article also shows research of kids who were East Asian, white, or black, that were adopted. Minnesota Trans-Racial Adoption Study studied children at 7 and showed whites at 106, mixed raced children at 99, and blacks at 89.
This article had a lot of strong points. Rushton, author of the article “Thirty years of research on race differences in cognitive ability” stated all the evidence and his own points that the theory of modern humans gained a higher IQ faster because they had migrated from Africa, Northward and faced/solved problems quicker than other modern humans had to. Thus Rushton says gives East Asians a higher IQ since they were a part of the ancestry.
Rushton dually noted that people, though, shouldn’t be treated by groups but by individuals. The research was also noted for racial differences in group IQ testing. They also show cranial size belongs to evolutionary framework and intelligence.
The argument that can be made is that they were tested by groups and if raised differently statistics could change. Also, I do agree to an extent with a culture only theory. Only some people are just generally their own person and intelligence. Plus, IQ testing is one of many ways for testing intelligence accurately and data could be further looked into with different testing.
The article was written to show evidence and relevance to IQ and genes. The article also shows that IQ is due to differences in genetics. The article was written for other researchers or psychologists. It also shows it’s arguing with other researchers and authors to prove that either genetics is, or isn’t closely related to IQ. The broken down material shows arguing how genes and IQ play a role together. It shows even at a young age IQ is very definite and shows it plays a part in intelligence.
The evidence show in the article is looking back at research and testing. It shows testing from 90 years ago during WWI to 2001 testing. It showed that white-black intelligence differentiates and is consistent. It also shows East Asians test higher than whites (106 to 100). Blacks are at a third with a low of 85 testing (in the U.S.) and 70 in sub-Saharan Africa.
Gene environment is the same in all races. East Asian, white, and black twins tested 50% higher in all races. They also show by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) testing that East Asians have 1 cubic inch more cranial capacity than whites. And whites average 5 more cubic inches than blacks. The article also shows research of kids who were East Asian, white, or black, that were adopted. Minnesota Trans-Racial Adoption Study studied children at 7 and showed whites at 106, mixed raced children at 99, and blacks at 89.
This article had a lot of strong points. Rushton, author of the article “Thirty years of research on race differences in cognitive ability” stated all the evidence and his own points that the theory of modern humans gained a higher IQ faster because they had migrated from Africa, Northward and faced/solved problems quicker than other modern humans had to. Thus Rushton says gives East Asians a higher IQ since they were a part of the ancestry.
Rushton dually noted that people, though, shouldn’t be treated by groups but by individuals. The research was also noted for racial differences in group IQ testing. They also show cranial size belongs to evolutionary framework and intelligence.
The argument that can be made is that they were tested by groups and if raised differently statistics could change. Also, I do agree to an extent with a culture only theory. Only some people are just generally their own person and intelligence. Plus, IQ testing is one of many ways for testing intelligence accurately and data could be further looked into with different testing.
famous people in psychology
Lee
• Six different types of love.
• Studied love.
Freud
• Father of psychoanalysis.
• Worked with three minds…
- Subconscious
- Conscious
- Unconscious
Aristotle
• Concept on soul.
• B.C psychology.
Darwin
• Theory of evolution.
• Founder of evolution.
• Evolutionist.
Gardner
• 7 stages of intelligence.
• Multiple intelligences.
• Basis of teaching today.
Plato
• Moral psychology.
• Soul
- Rational.
- Spiritual.
- Appetitive.
• Made many discoveries.
Mary Cover Jones
• Rabbit with 3 year old.
• Conditioning to solve problems & fears.
• Direct Conditioning.
Ekman
• Facial structures & expressions.
• Lie to me guy.
• Deceit.
Bandura
• Human development.
• Learned .vs. inherited.
Bowlby
• Studies on separation anxiety.
• Also studies on separation anxiety in children.
Piaget
• Brain development.
• How the brain works.
Schacter
• Memory.
• 7 different ways our memory can defy us.
Harry Harlow
• Love & nurturing.
• “Monkey love.”
Pavlov
• Fields of psychology.
- Sound.
- Smell.
- Visual stimulation.
• Classic conditioning – natural reflex.
• Operate conditioning – feedback system with reward.
Cattell
• Studied while on drugs and how they affected him.
• Drugs gave split personalities.
• Established psychology as a science.
Rorschach
• Inkblots showed different personalities.
• Everyone labeled “mentally sick.”
• Made inkblots.
Bloom
• Educational psychologist.
• 6 different learning styles (techniques.)
James Marcia
• 4 stages of identity crisis.
- Foreclosure – someone else shows you what to do. Changes your identity to fit them.
- Mortem – commit to your own identity.
- Diffusion – adolescent, no identity, still creating your own.
- Achievement – final status, made your own identity.
Gilligan
• Primary focus Moral development
- In girls (feminist view on Kohlberg)
• Worked under Kohlberg. Didn’t like his studies because he only studied men.
• Women are more caring (Gilligan’s view.)
Stanley Hall
• Business psychology.
Erikson
• Well known for his study in child development.
• Known for his 8 stages of life.
- Baby Elderly.
Anna Freud
• Founder of child psychoanalysis.
• Took over where her father took off.
Maslow
• Pyramid of needs.
- Psychological.
- Safety.
- Social.
- Esteem.
- Self actualization.
• Independently.
Thorndike
• Behavioral psychology.
- Law of effect.
- Law of readiness.
- Law of exercise.
Sternberg
• Triangular love.
- Passion.
- Intimacy.
- Commitment.
Jung
• Freudian theorist.
• Collective.
- Unconscious.
- Conscious.
- Ego.
Horney
• Developed neurotic needs.
- Need for a partner.
- Need for power.
- Need to have an impact.
- Need for personal admiration.
- Need for independence.
• Neurotic needs.
Eyseneck
• Personality theory.
• Introvert .vs. Extroverts.
Kohlberg
• Moral psychologist.
• Moral development (6 stages.)
- Pre conventional – no rewards.
- Conventional – upholding rules in society.
- Post conventional – life or law?
• White males & dilemmas.
• Six different types of love.
• Studied love.
Freud
• Father of psychoanalysis.
• Worked with three minds…
- Subconscious
- Conscious
- Unconscious
Aristotle
• Concept on soul.
• B.C psychology.
Darwin
• Theory of evolution.
• Founder of evolution.
• Evolutionist.
Gardner
• 7 stages of intelligence.
• Multiple intelligences.
• Basis of teaching today.
Plato
• Moral psychology.
• Soul
- Rational.
- Spiritual.
- Appetitive.
• Made many discoveries.
Mary Cover Jones
• Rabbit with 3 year old.
• Conditioning to solve problems & fears.
• Direct Conditioning.
Ekman
• Facial structures & expressions.
• Lie to me guy.
• Deceit.
Bandura
• Human development.
• Learned .vs. inherited.
Bowlby
• Studies on separation anxiety.
• Also studies on separation anxiety in children.
Piaget
• Brain development.
• How the brain works.
Schacter
• Memory.
• 7 different ways our memory can defy us.
Harry Harlow
• Love & nurturing.
• “Monkey love.”
Pavlov
• Fields of psychology.
- Sound.
- Smell.
- Visual stimulation.
• Classic conditioning – natural reflex.
• Operate conditioning – feedback system with reward.
Cattell
• Studied while on drugs and how they affected him.
• Drugs gave split personalities.
• Established psychology as a science.
Rorschach
• Inkblots showed different personalities.
• Everyone labeled “mentally sick.”
• Made inkblots.
Bloom
• Educational psychologist.
• 6 different learning styles (techniques.)
James Marcia
• 4 stages of identity crisis.
- Foreclosure – someone else shows you what to do. Changes your identity to fit them.
- Mortem – commit to your own identity.
- Diffusion – adolescent, no identity, still creating your own.
- Achievement – final status, made your own identity.
Gilligan
• Primary focus Moral development
- In girls (feminist view on Kohlberg)
• Worked under Kohlberg. Didn’t like his studies because he only studied men.
• Women are more caring (Gilligan’s view.)
Stanley Hall
• Business psychology.
Erikson
• Well known for his study in child development.
• Known for his 8 stages of life.
- Baby Elderly.
Anna Freud
• Founder of child psychoanalysis.
• Took over where her father took off.
Maslow
• Pyramid of needs.
- Psychological.
- Safety.
- Social.
- Esteem.
- Self actualization.
• Independently.
Thorndike
• Behavioral psychology.
- Law of effect.
- Law of readiness.
- Law of exercise.
Sternberg
• Triangular love.
- Passion.
- Intimacy.
- Commitment.
Jung
• Freudian theorist.
• Collective.
- Unconscious.
- Conscious.
- Ego.
Horney
• Developed neurotic needs.
- Need for a partner.
- Need for power.
- Need to have an impact.
- Need for personal admiration.
- Need for independence.
• Neurotic needs.
Eyseneck
• Personality theory.
• Introvert .vs. Extroverts.
Kohlberg
• Moral psychologist.
• Moral development (6 stages.)
- Pre conventional – no rewards.
- Conventional – upholding rules in society.
- Post conventional – life or law?
• White males & dilemmas.
erik erikson
Erik Erikson was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902. The woman who saw Erikson’s potential in child development was Anna Freud, Sigmund Freud’s daughter. She had psychoanalytic sessions with Erikson and he ended up getting a certificate from Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. While doing this, he received his degree in Montessori Method from the University of Vienna. When the arrival of the Nazis appeared in Germany, this caused Erikson, his wife; Joan Serson, and their two kids to move from Germany to the U.S. (NNDB, 2009)
Erikson was a psychoanalyst and a Freudian ego-psychologist. Erikson is known as the man who expanded and re defined Freud’s theories of stage development. Life is like a rose bud; each petal opens at a certain time when ready, in order in the way nature wanted, and through the determination of genetics. If we pull out a ‘petal’ prematurely then we ruin our ‘flower’ or the stage of life. (Boeree, 2003)
Erikson is important and well known for his studies on child development and the eight stages in which describe the development of life from being a baby to late adult hood. Erikson thinks that our personality develops over time and is will never be fully developed. Erikson’s philosophy is based on two themes: “(1) the world gets bigger as we go along and (2) failure is cumulative.” (Harder, 2009)
Erikson died at the age of 91, in 1994. Erikson specialized in children psychology. While Erikson worked at Harvard, he expanded the psychoanalytic theory for it to take in different accounts of environmental factors. His most famous and influential work was the book, Childhood and Society (1950) and it shows the dividends of the human life cycle in 8 different cycles. (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2008)
Bibliography
General Psychology: Erik Erikson, (Dr. C. George Boeree) Last updated (2003)
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsyerikson.html
Erik Erikson, (NNDB) Last updated (2009)
http://www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.htm
The Devlopmental Stages of Erik Erikson, (Arlene F. Harder) Last updated (2009)
www.nndb.com/people/151/000097857/
Erik Erikson, (The Columbia Encyclopedia) Last updated (2008)
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Erik_Erikson.aspx
Erikson was a psychoanalyst and a Freudian ego-psychologist. Erikson is known as the man who expanded and re defined Freud’s theories of stage development. Life is like a rose bud; each petal opens at a certain time when ready, in order in the way nature wanted, and through the determination of genetics. If we pull out a ‘petal’ prematurely then we ruin our ‘flower’ or the stage of life. (Boeree, 2003)
Erikson is important and well known for his studies on child development and the eight stages in which describe the development of life from being a baby to late adult hood. Erikson thinks that our personality develops over time and is will never be fully developed. Erikson’s philosophy is based on two themes: “(1) the world gets bigger as we go along and (2) failure is cumulative.” (Harder, 2009)
Erikson died at the age of 91, in 1994. Erikson specialized in children psychology. While Erikson worked at Harvard, he expanded the psychoanalytic theory for it to take in different accounts of environmental factors. His most famous and influential work was the book, Childhood and Society (1950) and it shows the dividends of the human life cycle in 8 different cycles. (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2008)
Bibliography
General Psychology: Erik Erikson, (Dr. C. George Boeree) Last updated (2003)
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsyerikson.html
Erik Erikson, (NNDB) Last updated (2009)
http://www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.htm
The Devlopmental Stages of Erik Erikson, (Arlene F. Harder) Last updated (2009)
www.nndb.com/people/151/000097857/
Erik Erikson, (The Columbia Encyclopedia) Last updated (2008)
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Erik_Erikson.aspx
dissociative identity disorder paper
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Did you know that 98% of the people who have been diagnosed with a Dissociative Identity Disorder have histories of life threatening or overpowering disturbances at a young age when they were children which occurred usually before the age of 9 (WebMD, 2010). Also, in psychiatric hospitals, there are 3% of people who suffer from Dissociative Identity Disorder and from every nine woman diagnosed with this disorder, there is one male who has it as the disorder (Edward, 1996).
The first man to sometimes be credited with first discovering a Multiple Personality Disorder was Eberhardt, it involved a French woman who was 20 and said she never remembered being French, but that she was always German, even though she spoke French and was a French aristocrat. But Multiple Personality Disorder isn’t something that has only been recognized in the 20th century. It’s said that it has existed since Paleolithic times on the caves where shamans would be morphed into an animal or a different person, a different personality (History of DID, 2010).
What exactly is Dissociative Identity Disorder? Well formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, it’s when a person dissociates severely from their self. This usually goes on when a person tries to forget about a certain abusive memory in their past, and making a new personality helps them forget it. But, the patient usually doesn’t recall their old self or even sometimes their new self. Also, some patients who suffer from Dissociative Identity Disorder have no past abuse in their life, and most psychologist say that it is genetics (Edward, 1996).
Symptoms of Dissociative Identity Disorder usually begin in the later teenage years. Some symptoms are lapses in memory in which you can’t remember things in the distant past or memories in your long term memory. When a person frequently lies but doesn’t believe they are lying. Also, they find things in their possession that they don’t remember acquiring. And another symptom is hearing voices in their head, but this is not to be confused with schizophrenia (Edward, 1996).
What usually causes these symptoms is when a child at a young age as sometimes a physical or sexual abuse towards them that is repeated. To go along with abuse, sometimes the child has to learn to dissociate their self due to a lack in a person to comfort them and talk about their problems. And another to go along with genetics, usually a child or a teenager will see someone in their family who has the same problem (Encyclopedia, 2010).
Dissociative Identity Disorder, on the flipside, doesn’t last forever. Though it takes many years of intense therapy to recover the mental state of the patient currently, and from their childhood memories that started the split personality. The therapist tries to uncover all the problems and memories from the patient and tries to alter them into one personality. The therapist acts a list of questions like where it happened, when it happened, what caused it, and how often it dominates. A few other therapies used to treat Dissociative Identity Disorder are Psychotherapy, Hypnosis, and Electroconvulsive therapy. Medication is sometimes used, but should always be monitored and are usually only used with a very sever Dissociative Identity Disorder (Grohol, 2008).
There isn’t a lot of future for the diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder. Most because this disorder isn’t rare, but isn’t common. It’s usually over looked sometimes which isn’t always a positive thing. Dissociative Identity Disorder, if not treated correctly and helped, can literally and mentally tear a person apart (Swartz, 2004).
Bibliography
No Author – (2010) Dissociative Identity Disorder
Retrieved April 25, 2010 from Web MD website:
http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/dissociative-identity-disorder-multiple-personality-disorder
No Author – (2010) A History of Dissociative Identity Disorder
Retrieved April 25, 2010 from History of DID website:
http://www.fortea.us/english/psiquiatria/history.htm
Edwards, R. – (1996) Dissociative Identity Disorder
Retrieved April 25, 2010 from Medicine Net website:
http://www.medicinenet.com/dissociative_identity_disorder/article.htm
No Author – (2010) Dissociative identity disorder
Retrieved April 25, 2010 from Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders website:
http://www.minddisorders.com/Del-Fi/Dissociative-identity-disorder.html
Swartz, A – (4/28/2004) Dissociative Identity Disorder
Retrieved April 26, 2010 from All Psych Journal website:
http://allpsych.com/journal/did.html
Grohol, J – (9/7/2008) Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment
Retrieved April 27, 2010 from Psych Central website:
http://psychcentral.com/disorders/sx18t.htm
Did you know that 98% of the people who have been diagnosed with a Dissociative Identity Disorder have histories of life threatening or overpowering disturbances at a young age when they were children which occurred usually before the age of 9 (WebMD, 2010). Also, in psychiatric hospitals, there are 3% of people who suffer from Dissociative Identity Disorder and from every nine woman diagnosed with this disorder, there is one male who has it as the disorder (Edward, 1996).
The first man to sometimes be credited with first discovering a Multiple Personality Disorder was Eberhardt, it involved a French woman who was 20 and said she never remembered being French, but that she was always German, even though she spoke French and was a French aristocrat. But Multiple Personality Disorder isn’t something that has only been recognized in the 20th century. It’s said that it has existed since Paleolithic times on the caves where shamans would be morphed into an animal or a different person, a different personality (History of DID, 2010).
What exactly is Dissociative Identity Disorder? Well formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, it’s when a person dissociates severely from their self. This usually goes on when a person tries to forget about a certain abusive memory in their past, and making a new personality helps them forget it. But, the patient usually doesn’t recall their old self or even sometimes their new self. Also, some patients who suffer from Dissociative Identity Disorder have no past abuse in their life, and most psychologist say that it is genetics (Edward, 1996).
Symptoms of Dissociative Identity Disorder usually begin in the later teenage years. Some symptoms are lapses in memory in which you can’t remember things in the distant past or memories in your long term memory. When a person frequently lies but doesn’t believe they are lying. Also, they find things in their possession that they don’t remember acquiring. And another symptom is hearing voices in their head, but this is not to be confused with schizophrenia (Edward, 1996).
What usually causes these symptoms is when a child at a young age as sometimes a physical or sexual abuse towards them that is repeated. To go along with abuse, sometimes the child has to learn to dissociate their self due to a lack in a person to comfort them and talk about their problems. And another to go along with genetics, usually a child or a teenager will see someone in their family who has the same problem (Encyclopedia, 2010).
Dissociative Identity Disorder, on the flipside, doesn’t last forever. Though it takes many years of intense therapy to recover the mental state of the patient currently, and from their childhood memories that started the split personality. The therapist tries to uncover all the problems and memories from the patient and tries to alter them into one personality. The therapist acts a list of questions like where it happened, when it happened, what caused it, and how often it dominates. A few other therapies used to treat Dissociative Identity Disorder are Psychotherapy, Hypnosis, and Electroconvulsive therapy. Medication is sometimes used, but should always be monitored and are usually only used with a very sever Dissociative Identity Disorder (Grohol, 2008).
There isn’t a lot of future for the diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder. Most because this disorder isn’t rare, but isn’t common. It’s usually over looked sometimes which isn’t always a positive thing. Dissociative Identity Disorder, if not treated correctly and helped, can literally and mentally tear a person apart (Swartz, 2004).
Bibliography
No Author – (2010) Dissociative Identity Disorder
Retrieved April 25, 2010 from Web MD website:
http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/dissociative-identity-disorder-multiple-personality-disorder
No Author – (2010) A History of Dissociative Identity Disorder
Retrieved April 25, 2010 from History of DID website:
http://www.fortea.us/english/psiquiatria/history.htm
Edwards, R. – (1996) Dissociative Identity Disorder
Retrieved April 25, 2010 from Medicine Net website:
http://www.medicinenet.com/dissociative_identity_disorder/article.htm
No Author – (2010) Dissociative identity disorder
Retrieved April 25, 2010 from Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders website:
http://www.minddisorders.com/Del-Fi/Dissociative-identity-disorder.html
Swartz, A – (4/28/2004) Dissociative Identity Disorder
Retrieved April 26, 2010 from All Psych Journal website:
http://allpsych.com/journal/did.html
Grohol, J – (9/7/2008) Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment
Retrieved April 27, 2010 from Psych Central website:
http://psychcentral.com/disorders/sx18t.htm
dissociative identity disorder outline
Discovery
• Eberhardt Gmelin is sometimes credited as the first to report MPD in 1791
o This involved a 20 year old woman spoke, behaved like a French aristocrat, they keyed her named “French Woman.” She then said she remembered everything she did not has a French woman, but as a German woman and denied never having known the French woman.
Multiple Personality Disorder – What is it?
• Severe from of dissociation, which produces a lack of connection in a person’s thoughts, memories, actions, feelings, and sense of identity.
• It’s believed to have been stemmed from trauma experienced in a younger age.
• This disorder is considered sometimes as a “coping mechanism” and disassociates their selves from a situation to traumatic – causing the multiple personality.
Diagnosis
• Usually begin in childhood.
• Diagnosis should be made after complete…
o Psychiatric assessments
o Psychological assessments
o Medical assessments
Causes
• Vicious abuse in childhood.
• MPD isn’t hereditary but seeing (Learning theory) them act so, they person has a potential vulnerability to developing the disorder.
• Being severely traumatized.
Symptoms
• Two or more distinct personalities inhibit a single person.
• Each one of these personalities have its own way of relating to things and thinking.
• At least take two of the identities take control of the persons behavior at different times.
• The person is unable to recall important personal information due to the personalities.
• People with this disorder also experience…
o Depression.
o Suicidal tendencies.
o Sleep disorders.
o Mood swings.
o Alcohol and drug abuse.
o Compulsions.
o Eating disorders.
• Not recognizing their selves in the mirror.
• Feeling unreal.
• Meeting people who know them, but not know them.
• Being called a different name unusual from their original name or nickname.
Treatments
• It takes many years of intense therapy to slowly recover the childhood memories (sexual abuse, physical abuse, etc)
• Abusive memories are uncovered and are all altered and put into a single personality.
• The patient can undergo many questions to recover, such as…
o Where and when the patient was at the time the memory occurred.
o What events caused the memory.
o How often it becomes dominant
o How it fits into the diarchy of alters
• Psychotherapy
o Psychologists and therapists tried to improve relationships with others.
o Making one feel open, comfortable, and in touch with their past.
o This kind of therapy can help one “kill” parts of them.
• Hypnosis
o Increase information that the person has about their identity/symptoms.
o Increasing their control over their personalities.
o Enhancing communication between the multiple personalities.
• Electroconvulsive therapy
o Combination of psychotherapy and medication
o Inadequately relieves symptoms
• Eberhardt Gmelin is sometimes credited as the first to report MPD in 1791
o This involved a 20 year old woman spoke, behaved like a French aristocrat, they keyed her named “French Woman.” She then said she remembered everything she did not has a French woman, but as a German woman and denied never having known the French woman.
Multiple Personality Disorder – What is it?
• Severe from of dissociation, which produces a lack of connection in a person’s thoughts, memories, actions, feelings, and sense of identity.
• It’s believed to have been stemmed from trauma experienced in a younger age.
• This disorder is considered sometimes as a “coping mechanism” and disassociates their selves from a situation to traumatic – causing the multiple personality.
Diagnosis
• Usually begin in childhood.
• Diagnosis should be made after complete…
o Psychiatric assessments
o Psychological assessments
o Medical assessments
Causes
• Vicious abuse in childhood.
• MPD isn’t hereditary but seeing (Learning theory) them act so, they person has a potential vulnerability to developing the disorder.
• Being severely traumatized.
Symptoms
• Two or more distinct personalities inhibit a single person.
• Each one of these personalities have its own way of relating to things and thinking.
• At least take two of the identities take control of the persons behavior at different times.
• The person is unable to recall important personal information due to the personalities.
• People with this disorder also experience…
o Depression.
o Suicidal tendencies.
o Sleep disorders.
o Mood swings.
o Alcohol and drug abuse.
o Compulsions.
o Eating disorders.
• Not recognizing their selves in the mirror.
• Feeling unreal.
• Meeting people who know them, but not know them.
• Being called a different name unusual from their original name or nickname.
Treatments
• It takes many years of intense therapy to slowly recover the childhood memories (sexual abuse, physical abuse, etc)
• Abusive memories are uncovered and are all altered and put into a single personality.
• The patient can undergo many questions to recover, such as…
o Where and when the patient was at the time the memory occurred.
o What events caused the memory.
o How often it becomes dominant
o How it fits into the diarchy of alters
• Psychotherapy
o Psychologists and therapists tried to improve relationships with others.
o Making one feel open, comfortable, and in touch with their past.
o This kind of therapy can help one “kill” parts of them.
• Hypnosis
o Increase information that the person has about their identity/symptoms.
o Increasing their control over their personalities.
o Enhancing communication between the multiple personalities.
• Electroconvulsive therapy
o Combination of psychotherapy and medication
o Inadequately relieves symptoms
narcolepsy paper
Narcolepsy
One third of your life is spent sleeping (Rickard, 2010), but what about Narcoleptics? This could be contradictory because some people who suffer from Narcolepsy also suffer from insomnia, which is one of the symptoms of Narcolepsy.
The first signs of Narcolepsy were first founded by two German doctors in the 1870’s. First, in 1877 by German doctor Westphal and then again in 1878 by another German doctor named Fisher. The first symptoms they saw were their patients falling asleep throughout the day at random times and under certain circumstances. Their patients also described having dream like hallucinations while awake, and automatic behavior which now is known as micro sleep. In 1880 a French doctor named Gélineau gave Narcolepsy its name and recognized it as a disorder. He combined two Greek words to get Narcolepsy; Narke meaning numbness and Lepsis meaning attack. He also gave it a brief description that it was a sleep attack followed by an intense emotion. Then Löwenfeld in 1902 separated the sleep attacks and muscle weaknesses and he named the muscle weakness cataplexy (History of Narcolepsy, 2010).
Narcolepsy is a lifelong disorder. Doctors have keyed it as a neurological chronic disorder, because it affects the part of the brain that regulates when to be awake and when to be asleep, and also alertness. Also, there is no way to get rid of Narcolepsy and its always happening to you whether it is brief periods of sleep, or daytime hallucinations. Out of 2.4 million people in the United States, Narcolepsy affects 50,000 people (What is narcolepsy?, 2008).
The diagnosis of Narcolepsy is right off the symptoms. Symptoms usually begin in the teenage years and the disorder progresses and can get worse with age if not treated properly. Usually a narcoleptic has excessive daytime sleepiness, caused by insomnia. A good night sleep for a narcoleptic is 10 hours (PBWorks, 2008). Also, falling asleep for brief periods throughout the day can cause abnormal REM sleep, which is what most narcoleptics have. Abnormal REM sleep is when you fall into REM sleep faster, which is about 15 minutes rather than it would a non-narcoleptic (NativeRemedies, 2010). Chronic sleepiness can usually lead to memory loss, automatic behavior, and visual disturbances. Usually patients with chronic sleepiness experiences automatic behavior when falling asleep during very bland activities. These activities can last for seconds, minutes, or even hours. Some patients can even briefly talk while in automatic behavior. Memory loss can be due to drowsiness, and impaired concentration, which can explain why patients may get so aggravated with not being able to remember things, when it really isn’t their fault. Narcoleptics usually have worse impairments with working and driving then epileptics do (Aldrich, 1999).
Also, physicians use a variety of different methods to test if you truly have narcolepsy, and not just sleep symptoms. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Hypocretin Test, to name a few, are some of the tests a physician could perform test on you and your body. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a questionnaire consists of certain questions pertaining to narcoleptic like symptoms, and has the patient rank on a numbered scale the intensity of whatever the question may ask. Another, the Hypocretin Test, measures the fluid around your spinal cord which contains Hypocretin. A low amount of Hypocretin, found in most narcoleptics, seems to be one of the ways to cause and diagnose narcolepsy (Benedictis, 2008).
Narcolepsy has had many myths behind it like medications can cure the symptoms, and that taking short naps can help Narcoleptics (PBWorks, 2008). The only other treatments that can help stable your narcolepsy or deal with the everyday problems of the illness are group therapy, medication, and behavioral changes (Benedictis, 2008). Different types of therapy can include Homeopathic, Acupuncture, Aromatherapy, Spiritual Therapy, counseling, and psychotherapy. Also, there are different types of medications, stimulants or anti depressants that can help with symptoms of narcolepsy (like anti depressants) and one that can kind of let you grasp your narcolepsy with stimulants (Native Remedies, 2010). Sodium oxybate can be used with patients who experience cataplexy with their narcolepsy. This medication is used to control the central nervous system to help treat and control cataplexy (Benedictis, 2008). Combining all these methods can help control or lessen the symptoms of narcolepsy, but cannot fully cure it. Always keep in mind that Narcolepsy is a full length illness and cannot be cured of, only treated.
In conclusion, the symptoms of Narcolepsy are prominent and the diagnosis of it is still pretty easy. Considering with the advances in technology, there would be more of a way to truly tell the severity of a person’s Narcolepsy. The future, sadly, of Narcolepsy doesn’t look very prominent but with the newest ways we have now to diagnose Narcolepsy, it shouldn’t be a problem.
Bibliography
Aldrich, M. (1999) – Narcolepsy
Retrieved April 22, 2010 from CNI website:
http://www.thecni.org/reviews/10-1-p03-aldrich.htm
Benedictis, T. (10/2008) – Narcoleptic symptoms, causes, treatment, and medication
Retrieved April 9, 2010 from Help Guide website:
http://helpguide.org/life/narcolepsy_symptom_causes_treatments.htm
Jasmin, L. (2009, September 2) – Narcolepsy
Retrieved April 14, 2010 from MedlinePlus website:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000802.htm
No Author (2010) – History of Narcolepsy
Retrieved April 12, 2010 from Stanford University website:
http://med.stanford.edu/school/Psychiatry/narcolepsy/narcolepsyhistory.html
No Author (11/2008) – What is narcolepsy?
Retrieved April 12, 2010 from U.S Department of Health & Human Services website:
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/nar/nar_what.html
No Author (2010) – Narcolepsy
Retrieved April 15, 2010 from Native Remedies website:
http://www.nativeremedies.com/ailment/natural-medication-for-narcolepsy-treatment.html
PBWorks (2008) – Myths and misconceptions
Retrieved April 12, 2010 from people.with.narcolepsy website:
http://peoplewithnarcolepsy.pbworks.com/Myths-and-misconceptions
Rickard, J, (2010) – Interesting Facts about Sleep You Probably Didn’t Know
Retrieved April 23, 2010 from Health Guidance website:
http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/6037/1/Interesting-Facts-About-Sleep-You-Probably-Didnt-Know.html
One third of your life is spent sleeping (Rickard, 2010), but what about Narcoleptics? This could be contradictory because some people who suffer from Narcolepsy also suffer from insomnia, which is one of the symptoms of Narcolepsy.
The first signs of Narcolepsy were first founded by two German doctors in the 1870’s. First, in 1877 by German doctor Westphal and then again in 1878 by another German doctor named Fisher. The first symptoms they saw were their patients falling asleep throughout the day at random times and under certain circumstances. Their patients also described having dream like hallucinations while awake, and automatic behavior which now is known as micro sleep. In 1880 a French doctor named Gélineau gave Narcolepsy its name and recognized it as a disorder. He combined two Greek words to get Narcolepsy; Narke meaning numbness and Lepsis meaning attack. He also gave it a brief description that it was a sleep attack followed by an intense emotion. Then Löwenfeld in 1902 separated the sleep attacks and muscle weaknesses and he named the muscle weakness cataplexy (History of Narcolepsy, 2010).
Narcolepsy is a lifelong disorder. Doctors have keyed it as a neurological chronic disorder, because it affects the part of the brain that regulates when to be awake and when to be asleep, and also alertness. Also, there is no way to get rid of Narcolepsy and its always happening to you whether it is brief periods of sleep, or daytime hallucinations. Out of 2.4 million people in the United States, Narcolepsy affects 50,000 people (What is narcolepsy?, 2008).
The diagnosis of Narcolepsy is right off the symptoms. Symptoms usually begin in the teenage years and the disorder progresses and can get worse with age if not treated properly. Usually a narcoleptic has excessive daytime sleepiness, caused by insomnia. A good night sleep for a narcoleptic is 10 hours (PBWorks, 2008). Also, falling asleep for brief periods throughout the day can cause abnormal REM sleep, which is what most narcoleptics have. Abnormal REM sleep is when you fall into REM sleep faster, which is about 15 minutes rather than it would a non-narcoleptic (NativeRemedies, 2010). Chronic sleepiness can usually lead to memory loss, automatic behavior, and visual disturbances. Usually patients with chronic sleepiness experiences automatic behavior when falling asleep during very bland activities. These activities can last for seconds, minutes, or even hours. Some patients can even briefly talk while in automatic behavior. Memory loss can be due to drowsiness, and impaired concentration, which can explain why patients may get so aggravated with not being able to remember things, when it really isn’t their fault. Narcoleptics usually have worse impairments with working and driving then epileptics do (Aldrich, 1999).
Also, physicians use a variety of different methods to test if you truly have narcolepsy, and not just sleep symptoms. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Hypocretin Test, to name a few, are some of the tests a physician could perform test on you and your body. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a questionnaire consists of certain questions pertaining to narcoleptic like symptoms, and has the patient rank on a numbered scale the intensity of whatever the question may ask. Another, the Hypocretin Test, measures the fluid around your spinal cord which contains Hypocretin. A low amount of Hypocretin, found in most narcoleptics, seems to be one of the ways to cause and diagnose narcolepsy (Benedictis, 2008).
Narcolepsy has had many myths behind it like medications can cure the symptoms, and that taking short naps can help Narcoleptics (PBWorks, 2008). The only other treatments that can help stable your narcolepsy or deal with the everyday problems of the illness are group therapy, medication, and behavioral changes (Benedictis, 2008). Different types of therapy can include Homeopathic, Acupuncture, Aromatherapy, Spiritual Therapy, counseling, and psychotherapy. Also, there are different types of medications, stimulants or anti depressants that can help with symptoms of narcolepsy (like anti depressants) and one that can kind of let you grasp your narcolepsy with stimulants (Native Remedies, 2010). Sodium oxybate can be used with patients who experience cataplexy with their narcolepsy. This medication is used to control the central nervous system to help treat and control cataplexy (Benedictis, 2008). Combining all these methods can help control or lessen the symptoms of narcolepsy, but cannot fully cure it. Always keep in mind that Narcolepsy is a full length illness and cannot be cured of, only treated.
In conclusion, the symptoms of Narcolepsy are prominent and the diagnosis of it is still pretty easy. Considering with the advances in technology, there would be more of a way to truly tell the severity of a person’s Narcolepsy. The future, sadly, of Narcolepsy doesn’t look very prominent but with the newest ways we have now to diagnose Narcolepsy, it shouldn’t be a problem.
Bibliography
Aldrich, M. (1999) – Narcolepsy
Retrieved April 22, 2010 from CNI website:
http://www.thecni.org/reviews/10-1-p03-aldrich.htm
Benedictis, T. (10/2008) – Narcoleptic symptoms, causes, treatment, and medication
Retrieved April 9, 2010 from Help Guide website:
http://helpguide.org/life/narcolepsy_symptom_causes_treatments.htm
Jasmin, L. (2009, September 2) – Narcolepsy
Retrieved April 14, 2010 from MedlinePlus website:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000802.htm
No Author (2010) – History of Narcolepsy
Retrieved April 12, 2010 from Stanford University website:
http://med.stanford.edu/school/Psychiatry/narcolepsy/narcolepsyhistory.html
No Author (11/2008) – What is narcolepsy?
Retrieved April 12, 2010 from U.S Department of Health & Human Services website:
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/nar/nar_what.html
No Author (2010) – Narcolepsy
Retrieved April 15, 2010 from Native Remedies website:
http://www.nativeremedies.com/ailment/natural-medication-for-narcolepsy-treatment.html
PBWorks (2008) – Myths and misconceptions
Retrieved April 12, 2010 from people.with.narcolepsy website:
http://peoplewithnarcolepsy.pbworks.com/Myths-and-misconceptions
Rickard, J, (2010) – Interesting Facts about Sleep You Probably Didn’t Know
Retrieved April 23, 2010 from Health Guidance website:
http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/6037/1/Interesting-Facts-About-Sleep-You-Probably-Didnt-Know.html
narcolepsy outline
Outline for Narcolepsy
Discovery
• First discovery of Narcoleptic like symptoms was founded by two German doctors in the 1870’s.
• 1877 – by Westphal
• 1878 – by Fisher
• They described their patients falling asleep randomly throughout the day under certain circumstances.
• Patients described having dream like hallucinations while awake.
• They also described having automatic behavior.
• 1880 – French doctor Gélineau recognized Narcolepsy as a disorder.
• He combined two Greek words, Narke (numbness) and Lepsis (attack) and got narcolepsie.
• He described the disorder as a sleep attack that followed intense motion.
• 1902 – Loëwenfeld separated the sleep attacks and muscle weaknesses.
• He named the muscle weaknesses cataplexy.
Narcolepsy – what is it?
• It is a frequent and lifelong disorder.
• A narcoleptic person usually has
o Periods of daytime sleepiness
o Cataplexy
o and sometimes hallucinations
• It is a neurological chronic disorder.
• It affects the part of the brain that regulates when to be awake and when to be asleep.
• It affects 50,000 people out of 2.4 million in the United states/1 out of every 2,000 people.
• Most people who are narcoleptic experience symptoms between the ages of 10 and 25.
Symptoms
• Usually begin in the teenage years and the disorder progresses and gets worse with age if not treated properly.
• Excessive daytime sleepiness.
• Abnormal REM sleep & rapid entry into REM (narcoleptic people usually hit the REM sleep within 15 minutes unlike a normal 90 minutes)
• Sleep paralysis – unable to move for a few minutes.
• Cataplexy – weaknesses of muscle – triggered by emotion.
• Hypnagogic hallucinations – dream like visual and auditory hallucinations.
• Micro sleep – brief periods of sleep when a person falls asleep but continues with regular (automatic behavior) activity. They awaken with no memories of it.
Diagnosis
• It’s usually easy to diagnosis a person narcoleptic because the symptoms are almost always present.
• Multiple sleep latency tests are suggested like…
o Epworth Sleepiness Scale
o Nocturnal polysommogram
o MSLT
o Spinal fluid analysis.
• The tests are administered at a sleep disorder clinic and they test for…
o Daytime sleepiness
o Night time insomnia
o Short latency prior to the first REM period test
Treatments
• Narcolepsy has no cure.
• It is a lifelong illness/disorder.
• Counseling or support groups are effective – narcoleptic episodes can cause one to be
o Depressed
o Withdrawn
o Reclusive
• Talking with others about your disorder and help you cope with the disorder.
• Medications also help…
o Antidepressants – keep your thoughts about the illness away
o Stimulants – keep you awake
o Sodium oxybate – central nervous system drug used to treat cataplexy
• Changing your behavior along with medications or other help can help you control narcolepsy.
Self help
• Schedule 10-15 minute sleep periods and have a good night’s sleep
• Avoid nicotine, caffeine, alcohol.
• Don’t focus on larger tasks, but break them down.
• Exercise daily
• Avoid dangerous activities.
• Wear a medical necklace or bracelet.
Discovery
• First discovery of Narcoleptic like symptoms was founded by two German doctors in the 1870’s.
• 1877 – by Westphal
• 1878 – by Fisher
• They described their patients falling asleep randomly throughout the day under certain circumstances.
• Patients described having dream like hallucinations while awake.
• They also described having automatic behavior.
• 1880 – French doctor Gélineau recognized Narcolepsy as a disorder.
• He combined two Greek words, Narke (numbness) and Lepsis (attack) and got narcolepsie.
• He described the disorder as a sleep attack that followed intense motion.
• 1902 – Loëwenfeld separated the sleep attacks and muscle weaknesses.
• He named the muscle weaknesses cataplexy.
Narcolepsy – what is it?
• It is a frequent and lifelong disorder.
• A narcoleptic person usually has
o Periods of daytime sleepiness
o Cataplexy
o and sometimes hallucinations
• It is a neurological chronic disorder.
• It affects the part of the brain that regulates when to be awake and when to be asleep.
• It affects 50,000 people out of 2.4 million in the United states/1 out of every 2,000 people.
• Most people who are narcoleptic experience symptoms between the ages of 10 and 25.
Symptoms
• Usually begin in the teenage years and the disorder progresses and gets worse with age if not treated properly.
• Excessive daytime sleepiness.
• Abnormal REM sleep & rapid entry into REM (narcoleptic people usually hit the REM sleep within 15 minutes unlike a normal 90 minutes)
• Sleep paralysis – unable to move for a few minutes.
• Cataplexy – weaknesses of muscle – triggered by emotion.
• Hypnagogic hallucinations – dream like visual and auditory hallucinations.
• Micro sleep – brief periods of sleep when a person falls asleep but continues with regular (automatic behavior) activity. They awaken with no memories of it.
Diagnosis
• It’s usually easy to diagnosis a person narcoleptic because the symptoms are almost always present.
• Multiple sleep latency tests are suggested like…
o Epworth Sleepiness Scale
o Nocturnal polysommogram
o MSLT
o Spinal fluid analysis.
• The tests are administered at a sleep disorder clinic and they test for…
o Daytime sleepiness
o Night time insomnia
o Short latency prior to the first REM period test
Treatments
• Narcolepsy has no cure.
• It is a lifelong illness/disorder.
• Counseling or support groups are effective – narcoleptic episodes can cause one to be
o Depressed
o Withdrawn
o Reclusive
• Talking with others about your disorder and help you cope with the disorder.
• Medications also help…
o Antidepressants – keep your thoughts about the illness away
o Stimulants – keep you awake
o Sodium oxybate – central nervous system drug used to treat cataplexy
• Changing your behavior along with medications or other help can help you control narcolepsy.
Self help
• Schedule 10-15 minute sleep periods and have a good night’s sleep
• Avoid nicotine, caffeine, alcohol.
• Don’t focus on larger tasks, but break them down.
• Exercise daily
• Avoid dangerous activities.
• Wear a medical necklace or bracelet.
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