Writing your college essay
• Essays allow the admissions office to see you as you really are beyond the stats of your application.
- Purpose of Essay:
1. College cans evaluate communication skills.
2. Allows Admissions office to learn more about you beyond SAT’s and grades.
- Choosing a Topic:
1. Narrow your topic – be specific.
2. Write about yourself. Don’t be shy, but don’t exaggerate.
3. Don’t be afraid to write about a unique topic.
4. Develop a framework & outline.
Dos and Don’ts of writing an essay
- Do’s:
1. Do think “small” and write something you know about.
2. Do reveal yourself in writing.
3. Do show rather than tell.
4. Do write in your own voice and style.
- Don’ts:
1. Don’t write what you think others want to read.
2. Don’t exaggerate or write to impress.
3. Don’t ignore grammar, spelling, or sentence structure. Have 2 English teachers proofread.
4. Don’t ramble. Be concise.
What do colleges look for?
• Level 1 – Grammar, spelling, punctuation.
• Level 2 – Content, substance, depth of insight.
• Level 3 – Creativity & originality.
Showing posts with label outline. Show all posts
Showing posts with label outline. Show all posts
4.29.2010
4.28.2010
dissociative identity disorder outline
Discovery
• Eberhardt Gmelin is sometimes credited as the first to report MPD in 1791
o This involved a 20 year old woman spoke, behaved like a French aristocrat, they keyed her named “French Woman.” She then said she remembered everything she did not has a French woman, but as a German woman and denied never having known the French woman.
Multiple Personality Disorder – What is it?
• Severe from of dissociation, which produces a lack of connection in a person’s thoughts, memories, actions, feelings, and sense of identity.
• It’s believed to have been stemmed from trauma experienced in a younger age.
• This disorder is considered sometimes as a “coping mechanism” and disassociates their selves from a situation to traumatic – causing the multiple personality.
Diagnosis
• Usually begin in childhood.
• Diagnosis should be made after complete…
o Psychiatric assessments
o Psychological assessments
o Medical assessments
Causes
• Vicious abuse in childhood.
• MPD isn’t hereditary but seeing (Learning theory) them act so, they person has a potential vulnerability to developing the disorder.
• Being severely traumatized.
Symptoms
• Two or more distinct personalities inhibit a single person.
• Each one of these personalities have its own way of relating to things and thinking.
• At least take two of the identities take control of the persons behavior at different times.
• The person is unable to recall important personal information due to the personalities.
• People with this disorder also experience…
o Depression.
o Suicidal tendencies.
o Sleep disorders.
o Mood swings.
o Alcohol and drug abuse.
o Compulsions.
o Eating disorders.
• Not recognizing their selves in the mirror.
• Feeling unreal.
• Meeting people who know them, but not know them.
• Being called a different name unusual from their original name or nickname.
Treatments
• It takes many years of intense therapy to slowly recover the childhood memories (sexual abuse, physical abuse, etc)
• Abusive memories are uncovered and are all altered and put into a single personality.
• The patient can undergo many questions to recover, such as…
o Where and when the patient was at the time the memory occurred.
o What events caused the memory.
o How often it becomes dominant
o How it fits into the diarchy of alters
• Psychotherapy
o Psychologists and therapists tried to improve relationships with others.
o Making one feel open, comfortable, and in touch with their past.
o This kind of therapy can help one “kill” parts of them.
• Hypnosis
o Increase information that the person has about their identity/symptoms.
o Increasing their control over their personalities.
o Enhancing communication between the multiple personalities.
• Electroconvulsive therapy
o Combination of psychotherapy and medication
o Inadequately relieves symptoms
• Eberhardt Gmelin is sometimes credited as the first to report MPD in 1791
o This involved a 20 year old woman spoke, behaved like a French aristocrat, they keyed her named “French Woman.” She then said she remembered everything she did not has a French woman, but as a German woman and denied never having known the French woman.
Multiple Personality Disorder – What is it?
• Severe from of dissociation, which produces a lack of connection in a person’s thoughts, memories, actions, feelings, and sense of identity.
• It’s believed to have been stemmed from trauma experienced in a younger age.
• This disorder is considered sometimes as a “coping mechanism” and disassociates their selves from a situation to traumatic – causing the multiple personality.
Diagnosis
• Usually begin in childhood.
• Diagnosis should be made after complete…
o Psychiatric assessments
o Psychological assessments
o Medical assessments
Causes
• Vicious abuse in childhood.
• MPD isn’t hereditary but seeing (Learning theory) them act so, they person has a potential vulnerability to developing the disorder.
• Being severely traumatized.
Symptoms
• Two or more distinct personalities inhibit a single person.
• Each one of these personalities have its own way of relating to things and thinking.
• At least take two of the identities take control of the persons behavior at different times.
• The person is unable to recall important personal information due to the personalities.
• People with this disorder also experience…
o Depression.
o Suicidal tendencies.
o Sleep disorders.
o Mood swings.
o Alcohol and drug abuse.
o Compulsions.
o Eating disorders.
• Not recognizing their selves in the mirror.
• Feeling unreal.
• Meeting people who know them, but not know them.
• Being called a different name unusual from their original name or nickname.
Treatments
• It takes many years of intense therapy to slowly recover the childhood memories (sexual abuse, physical abuse, etc)
• Abusive memories are uncovered and are all altered and put into a single personality.
• The patient can undergo many questions to recover, such as…
o Where and when the patient was at the time the memory occurred.
o What events caused the memory.
o How often it becomes dominant
o How it fits into the diarchy of alters
• Psychotherapy
o Psychologists and therapists tried to improve relationships with others.
o Making one feel open, comfortable, and in touch with their past.
o This kind of therapy can help one “kill” parts of them.
• Hypnosis
o Increase information that the person has about their identity/symptoms.
o Increasing their control over their personalities.
o Enhancing communication between the multiple personalities.
• Electroconvulsive therapy
o Combination of psychotherapy and medication
o Inadequately relieves symptoms
narcolepsy outline
Outline for Narcolepsy
Discovery
• First discovery of Narcoleptic like symptoms was founded by two German doctors in the 1870’s.
• 1877 – by Westphal
• 1878 – by Fisher
• They described their patients falling asleep randomly throughout the day under certain circumstances.
• Patients described having dream like hallucinations while awake.
• They also described having automatic behavior.
• 1880 – French doctor Gélineau recognized Narcolepsy as a disorder.
• He combined two Greek words, Narke (numbness) and Lepsis (attack) and got narcolepsie.
• He described the disorder as a sleep attack that followed intense motion.
• 1902 – Loëwenfeld separated the sleep attacks and muscle weaknesses.
• He named the muscle weaknesses cataplexy.
Narcolepsy – what is it?
• It is a frequent and lifelong disorder.
• A narcoleptic person usually has
o Periods of daytime sleepiness
o Cataplexy
o and sometimes hallucinations
• It is a neurological chronic disorder.
• It affects the part of the brain that regulates when to be awake and when to be asleep.
• It affects 50,000 people out of 2.4 million in the United states/1 out of every 2,000 people.
• Most people who are narcoleptic experience symptoms between the ages of 10 and 25.
Symptoms
• Usually begin in the teenage years and the disorder progresses and gets worse with age if not treated properly.
• Excessive daytime sleepiness.
• Abnormal REM sleep & rapid entry into REM (narcoleptic people usually hit the REM sleep within 15 minutes unlike a normal 90 minutes)
• Sleep paralysis – unable to move for a few minutes.
• Cataplexy – weaknesses of muscle – triggered by emotion.
• Hypnagogic hallucinations – dream like visual and auditory hallucinations.
• Micro sleep – brief periods of sleep when a person falls asleep but continues with regular (automatic behavior) activity. They awaken with no memories of it.
Diagnosis
• It’s usually easy to diagnosis a person narcoleptic because the symptoms are almost always present.
• Multiple sleep latency tests are suggested like…
o Epworth Sleepiness Scale
o Nocturnal polysommogram
o MSLT
o Spinal fluid analysis.
• The tests are administered at a sleep disorder clinic and they test for…
o Daytime sleepiness
o Night time insomnia
o Short latency prior to the first REM period test
Treatments
• Narcolepsy has no cure.
• It is a lifelong illness/disorder.
• Counseling or support groups are effective – narcoleptic episodes can cause one to be
o Depressed
o Withdrawn
o Reclusive
• Talking with others about your disorder and help you cope with the disorder.
• Medications also help…
o Antidepressants – keep your thoughts about the illness away
o Stimulants – keep you awake
o Sodium oxybate – central nervous system drug used to treat cataplexy
• Changing your behavior along with medications or other help can help you control narcolepsy.
Self help
• Schedule 10-15 minute sleep periods and have a good night’s sleep
• Avoid nicotine, caffeine, alcohol.
• Don’t focus on larger tasks, but break them down.
• Exercise daily
• Avoid dangerous activities.
• Wear a medical necklace or bracelet.
Discovery
• First discovery of Narcoleptic like symptoms was founded by two German doctors in the 1870’s.
• 1877 – by Westphal
• 1878 – by Fisher
• They described their patients falling asleep randomly throughout the day under certain circumstances.
• Patients described having dream like hallucinations while awake.
• They also described having automatic behavior.
• 1880 – French doctor Gélineau recognized Narcolepsy as a disorder.
• He combined two Greek words, Narke (numbness) and Lepsis (attack) and got narcolepsie.
• He described the disorder as a sleep attack that followed intense motion.
• 1902 – Loëwenfeld separated the sleep attacks and muscle weaknesses.
• He named the muscle weaknesses cataplexy.
Narcolepsy – what is it?
• It is a frequent and lifelong disorder.
• A narcoleptic person usually has
o Periods of daytime sleepiness
o Cataplexy
o and sometimes hallucinations
• It is a neurological chronic disorder.
• It affects the part of the brain that regulates when to be awake and when to be asleep.
• It affects 50,000 people out of 2.4 million in the United states/1 out of every 2,000 people.
• Most people who are narcoleptic experience symptoms between the ages of 10 and 25.
Symptoms
• Usually begin in the teenage years and the disorder progresses and gets worse with age if not treated properly.
• Excessive daytime sleepiness.
• Abnormal REM sleep & rapid entry into REM (narcoleptic people usually hit the REM sleep within 15 minutes unlike a normal 90 minutes)
• Sleep paralysis – unable to move for a few minutes.
• Cataplexy – weaknesses of muscle – triggered by emotion.
• Hypnagogic hallucinations – dream like visual and auditory hallucinations.
• Micro sleep – brief periods of sleep when a person falls asleep but continues with regular (automatic behavior) activity. They awaken with no memories of it.
Diagnosis
• It’s usually easy to diagnosis a person narcoleptic because the symptoms are almost always present.
• Multiple sleep latency tests are suggested like…
o Epworth Sleepiness Scale
o Nocturnal polysommogram
o MSLT
o Spinal fluid analysis.
• The tests are administered at a sleep disorder clinic and they test for…
o Daytime sleepiness
o Night time insomnia
o Short latency prior to the first REM period test
Treatments
• Narcolepsy has no cure.
• It is a lifelong illness/disorder.
• Counseling or support groups are effective – narcoleptic episodes can cause one to be
o Depressed
o Withdrawn
o Reclusive
• Talking with others about your disorder and help you cope with the disorder.
• Medications also help…
o Antidepressants – keep your thoughts about the illness away
o Stimulants – keep you awake
o Sodium oxybate – central nervous system drug used to treat cataplexy
• Changing your behavior along with medications or other help can help you control narcolepsy.
Self help
• Schedule 10-15 minute sleep periods and have a good night’s sleep
• Avoid nicotine, caffeine, alcohol.
• Don’t focus on larger tasks, but break them down.
• Exercise daily
• Avoid dangerous activities.
• Wear a medical necklace or bracelet.
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