famous people in psychology

Lee

• Six different types of love.

• Studied love.

Freud

• Father of psychoanalysis.

• Worked with three minds…

- Subconscious

- Conscious

- Unconscious

Aristotle

• Concept on soul.

• B.C psychology.

Darwin

• Theory of evolution.

• Founder of evolution.

• Evolutionist.

Gardner

• 7 stages of intelligence.

• Multiple intelligences.

• Basis of teaching today.

Plato

• Moral psychology.

• Soul

- Rational.

- Spiritual.

- Appetitive.

• Made many discoveries.

Mary Cover Jones

• Rabbit with 3 year old.

• Conditioning to solve problems & fears.

• Direct Conditioning.

Ekman

• Facial structures & expressions.

• Lie to me guy.

• Deceit.

Bandura

• Human development.

• Learned .vs. inherited.

Bowlby

• Studies on separation anxiety.

• Also studies on separation anxiety in children.

Piaget

• Brain development.

• How the brain works.

Schacter

• Memory.

• 7 different ways our memory can defy us.

Harry Harlow

• Love & nurturing.

• “Monkey love.”

Pavlov

• Fields of psychology.

- Sound.

- Smell.

- Visual stimulation.

• Classic conditioning – natural reflex.

• Operate conditioning – feedback system with reward.

Cattell

• Studied while on drugs and how they affected him.

• Drugs gave split personalities.

• Established psychology as a science.

Rorschach

• Inkblots showed different personalities.

• Everyone labeled “mentally sick.”

• Made inkblots.

Bloom

• Educational psychologist.

• 6 different learning styles (techniques.)

James Marcia

• 4 stages of identity crisis.

- Foreclosure – someone else shows you what to do. Changes your identity to fit them.

- Mortem – commit to your own identity.

- Diffusion – adolescent, no identity, still creating your own.

- Achievement – final status, made your own identity.

Gilligan

• Primary focus Moral development

- In girls (feminist view on Kohlberg)

• Worked under Kohlberg. Didn’t like his studies because he only studied men.

• Women are more caring (Gilligan’s view.)

Stanley Hall

• Business psychology.

Erikson

• Well known for his study in child development.

• Known for his 8 stages of life.

- Baby  Elderly.

Anna Freud

• Founder of child psychoanalysis.

• Took over where her father took off.

Maslow

• Pyramid of needs.

- Psychological.

- Safety.

- Social.

- Esteem.

- Self actualization.

• Independently.


Thorndike

• Behavioral psychology.

- Law of effect.

- Law of readiness.

- Law of exercise.

Sternberg

• Triangular love.

- Passion.

- Intimacy.

- Commitment.

Jung

• Freudian theorist.

• Collective.

- Unconscious.

- Conscious.

- Ego.

Horney

• Developed neurotic needs.

- Need for a partner.

- Need for power.

- Need to have an impact.

- Need for personal admiration.

- Need for independence.

• Neurotic needs.

Eyseneck

• Personality theory.

• Introvert .vs. Extroverts.

Kohlberg

• Moral psychologist.

• Moral development (6 stages.)

- Pre conventional – no rewards.

- Conventional – upholding rules in society.

- Post conventional – life or law?

• White males & dilemmas.

erik erikson

Erik Erikson was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902. The woman who saw Erikson’s potential in child development was Anna Freud, Sigmund Freud’s daughter. She had psychoanalytic sessions with Erikson and he ended up getting a certificate from Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. While doing this, he received his degree in Montessori Method from the University of Vienna. When the arrival of the Nazis appeared in Germany, this caused Erikson, his wife; Joan Serson, and their two kids to move from Germany to the U.S. (NNDB, 2009)

Erikson was a psychoanalyst and a Freudian ego-psychologist. Erikson is known as the man who expanded and re defined Freud’s theories of stage development. Life is like a rose bud; each petal opens at a certain time when ready, in order in the way nature wanted, and through the determination of genetics. If we pull out a ‘petal’ prematurely then we ruin our ‘flower’ or the stage of life. (Boeree, 2003)

Erikson is important and well known for his studies on child development and the eight stages in which describe the development of life from being a baby to late adult hood. Erikson thinks that our personality develops over time and is will never be fully developed. Erikson’s philosophy is based on two themes: “(1) the world gets bigger as we go along and (2) failure is cumulative.” (Harder, 2009)

Erikson died at the age of 91, in 1994. Erikson specialized in children psychology. While Erikson worked at Harvard, he expanded the psychoanalytic theory for it to take in different accounts of environmental factors. His most famous and influential work was the book, Childhood and Society (1950) and it shows the dividends of the human life cycle in 8 different cycles. (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2008)

Bibliography

General Psychology: Erik Erikson, (Dr. C. George Boeree) Last updated (2003)
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsyerikson.html

Erik Erikson, (NNDB) Last updated (2009)
http://www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.htm

The Devlopmental Stages of Erik Erikson, (Arlene F. Harder) Last updated (2009)
www.nndb.com/people/151/000097857/

Erik Erikson, (The Columbia Encyclopedia) Last updated (2008)
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Erik_Erikson.aspx